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Rock Placement Berms – or ‘rock dumps’ provides protection to pipelines or umbilicals. Vulnerable pipelines, such as pipelines spanning the seabed or crossing other pipelines, may require additional protection, which may be provided by rock “dumping” along the length of vulnerable section. The rock will generally be 10 – 20 centimeters in diameter and may cover the pipeline in excess of 0.5 meters.

A Clay Berm is a mound of excavated seabed material that is produced during the trenching process, as a pipeline or umbilical is mechanically buried for protection. The material and size will depend upon the local seabed and diameter of pipeline. Large diameter trenched pipelines may exhibit large ‘berms’ up to 1 meter in height. There may often be two berms, one either side of the pipeline.

A Suspended Wellhead is a structure and equipment located above the seabed which relate to a well that is not currently in production and has been suspended awaiting further intervention. Suspended wellheads can be found outside of safety zones and are in effect immovable objects to fishermen. They may project 4 metres above the seabed.